Public (Stairs) Building Codes & Rules

- Discover stair compliance: treads, risers, landings, handrails, tactile indicators, and more. Tools™ simplifies NCC with interactive graphics for efficiency.

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (a)

≤ 18^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (a)}

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)

≥ 750^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)}

Fall (Exterior)

Tools™ Best Practice

Treads & Risers Best Practice^{Tools™ Best Practice}

Allow for drainage around Nosings
Avoid single Risers

Tools™ Best Practice

Balustrade Best Practice^{Tools™ Best Practice}

Avoid wire Balustrades

AS 1428.1:2009, 11.2 (d)

going

width^{AS 1428.1:2009, 11.2 (d)}

AS 1428.1:2009, 11.1 (d)

≤ 25^{AS 1428.1:2009, 11.1 (d)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)

≥ 1m^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)} / ≥ 600^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (2) (b)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (3)

865

1m^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (2) (b)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (3)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (1) (d)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (2) (b) (ii)

≥ 1m^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (1) (d)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (2) (b) (ii)}

Handrail

Landing

Primary School 2nd Handrail

Continuous Handrail

AS 1428.1:2009, 11.2 (d)

≥ 300^{AS 1428.1:2009, 11.2 (d)}

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)

300±10^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)}

Fall

Zone for Service & Fittings

Soffit

Balustrade (Barrier)

Tools™ Best Practice

1 : 100^{Tools™ Best Practice}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)

≥ 1m^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)}

Nosing Line

TGSI

Property Line

To surface below

AS 1428.1:2009, 11.2 (e)

≥ 300^{AS 1428.1:2009, 11.2 (e)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (a)

≥ 2^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (a)}

Riser

Tread

Non-Climbable Zone

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (d)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (a)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (b)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (c)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 NSW (d)

Threshold Height

No step or Ramp at any point closer to the Doorway than the width of the Leaf unless is a^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16}
≤ 35mm Threshold Ramp onto an outdoor space in any Accessible Building^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (d)}
≤ 50mm step onto an outdoor space NSW 9b (Entertainment Venue)^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (a)}
≤ 190mm step onto an outdoor space^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (b)}
≤ 25mm step in Class 9a (Patient Care Area)^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (c)}
≤ 25mm H ≤ 1:8 gradient Threshold Ramp in Class 9c (Resident Use Area)^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 NSW (d)}

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4

300 / 600^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4}

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)

300±10^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)}

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (e)

600^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (e)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)

150^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (a)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (a)

Flight 2 to 18 Risers^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (a)NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (a)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (1) (d)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (2) (b) (ii)

≥ 1m^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (1) (d)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (2) (b) (ii)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D17 (1) (d)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.3 (1) (d)

≥ 1m^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D17 (1) (d)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.3 (1) (d)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2 (8) (c)

NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)

2m clear^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2 (8) (c)NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (b)

R^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (b)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (b)

G^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (b)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)

> 4m^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (2) (b)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (3)

865

1m^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (2) (b)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (3)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)

760^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15 (a)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (b)

≤ 1:50^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15 (a)NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (b)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D1P2

Safe Movement Requirements within a Building^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D1P2}

Walking surfaces with safe gradients
Doors installed to avoid the risk of occupants
Stairways & ramps with slip-resistant & handrails
Landings to avoid undue fatigue
Landings where a door opens from or onto ramp & stairway without any obstruction

Nosing Line

Allow for Service & Fittings

To surface below

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7

≥ 1.98m^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (a) (i)

≥ 500^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (a) (i)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2 (8) (c)

NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)

2m clear^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2 (8) (c)NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)}

Glazing

Grade A Safety Glass^[1]

Glazing FALL SAFETY

NCC 2022 V3

All Building Classes

NCC 2022 B1D4 & HP8.4.2 [2019 B1.4, 3.6.4.1]

May 2023

AS 1288:2021, 5.16 (b)

AS 1288:2021, 5.16 (a)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, B1D4 (.)

NCC 2022 HP, 8.4.2

Safety Glazing Assemblies to be structurally sound to the NCC^{AS 1288:2021, 5.16 (b)AS 1288:2021, 5.16 (a)}
Grade A safety glass if
< 2m from bottom Riser of Flight, and^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, B1D4 (.)}
< 1m above Nosing line^{NCC 2022 HP, 8.4.2}

AS 1288:2021, 5.16 (b)

Grade A Safety Glass^{AS 1288:2021, 5.16 (b)}

Fire Door

Storage Under Stairs

Fire-isolated Stair
Not allowed^[1]
Required non Fire-isolated Stair
60/60/60 FRL^[2]

Enclosure Under Stair RULES

NCC 2022 V1

Class 2 to 9

NCC 2022 D3D9 [2019 D2.8]

May 2023

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (1)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (a)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (b)

Fire-isolated Stair
Must not be enclosed to form a cupboard or similar enclosed space^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (1)}
Required non Fire-isolated Stair (including external Stairway) may be enclosed with
60/60/60 FRL Walls & ceiling^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (a)}
-/60/30 FRL self-closing Fire Door^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (b)}
Stairs within an SOU or non-required egress path may be enclosed

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (1)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (a)

Fire-isolated Stair
Not allowed^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (1)}
Required non Fire-isolated Stair
60/60/60 FRL^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (a)}

Balustrade

≥ 1m height^[1]
Ø 125mm sphere unable to pass between landing or nosing line & bottom rail of barrier^[2][3]
4m or more fall risk must include a NCZ^[4][5]

Balustrade RULES

NCC 2022 V1

All Building Classes

NCC 2022 D3D17 to 21 [2019 D2.16]

May 2023

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D17 (1) (d)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.3 (1) (d)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (4)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D21

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)

≥ 1m high
≥ 1m or more fall risk requires a balustrade^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D17 (1) (d)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.3 (1) (d)}
Ø 125mm sphere unable to pass between landing or nosing line & bottom rail of barrier^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (4)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D21}
Wire barriers to be spaced & tensioned to ensure compliance^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)}

Non-climbable Zone (NCZ)

NCC 2022 V1

All Building Classes

NCC 2022 D3D20 & HP11.3.4 [2019 D2.16a, 3.9.2.3]

May 2023

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)

4m or more fall risk must include an NCZ with no footholds including brackets, hinges, hardware^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)}
150 to 760mm above finished level^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)}

Class 7 & 8 Balustrade RULES

NCC 2022 V1

Class 7 & 8

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 [2019 D2.16a]

May 2023

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (3) (a)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (3) (b)

Ø 300mm sphere unable to pass between any opening^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (3) (a)}, or
Rail spacing^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (3) (b)}
≤ 150mm from Landing or Nosing Line to lower Rail
≤ 460mm between upper Rails

Balustrade BEST PRACTICE

NCC 2022 V2

Any balustrade system to withstand expected loads
Must be designed and structurally certified
Dependent on the location and use
Glazed systems rely on a common rail or specialized laminated glass to prevent fall if a panel fails
Confirm acceptance of system & selection with owner & certifier
Where a balustrade meets a window or other uneven element, mullion or transom, openings may become larger than allowed
Ø 125mm opening compliance may be affected
Risk for climbing
Fixed furniture, taps etc. must not be installed near a balustrade
Wire balustrades
Avoid as this requires regular maintenance
Have high certification failure rate & facilitate climbing

Fire-isolated Stair RULES

NCC 2022 V4

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (4)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2) (a)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2) (b)

Part of an emergency egress path only^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (4)}
Ø 125^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2)} Sphere Rule applies to all^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)}
External Stairs & Ramps
Class 9b Early Childhood Centres
Ø 300mm sphere unable to pass between any opening^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2) (a)}, or
Rail spacing^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2) (b)}
≤ 150mm from Landing or Nosing Line to lower Rail
≤ 460mm between upper Rails

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (4)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D17 (1) (d)

≥ 1m height^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)}
Ø 125mm sphere unable to pass between landing or nosing line & bottom rail of barrier^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (4)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)}
4m or more fall risk must include a NCZ^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D17 (1) (d)}

Doors

Must swing in direction of Egress^[1]
≤ 500mm encroachment on required width^[2]
≥ 1.98m unobstructed door height^[3]

Door Egress Clearance RULES

NCC 2022 V3

All Building Classes

NCC 2022 D2D7 to 11 [2019 D1.6]

May 2023

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D9 (c)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D9 (e)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8

≥ 1.98m height^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7}
≥ Required unobstructed exit width - 250mm^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D9 (c)}
≥ 750mm^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D9 (e)} for most Class 2 to 9 where unobstructed exit width ≥ 1m^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)}
Width increases where the aggregate width of unobstructed exit > 1m^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8}
No requirements if access is only to a sanitary compartment or bathroom

Door Swing RULES

NCC 2022 V1

Class 2 to 9

NCC 2022 D3D25 [2019 D2.20]

May 2023

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (a)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (b)

In a required exit must not encroach^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (a)}
> 500mm swing path into the required width
> 100mm when fully open (including handles)
Must swing in the direction of travel unless^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (b)}
Serves ≤ 200m² building area & has a Hold Open Device
Serves a Sanitary Compartment or Airlock

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (a) (i)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (b)

Must swing in direction of Egress^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7}
≤ 500mm encroachment on required width^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (a) (i)}
≥ 1.98m unobstructed door height^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (b)}

Treads & Risers

2 to 18 risers in a single flight^[1]
115 to 190mm Riser^[2]
250 to 355mm Going (240mm if a private stair)
± 5mm per tread & ± 10mm overall Tolerance^[3]
Ø 125mm sphere unable to pass through an open riser^[4]
Opaque Risers mandatory for DDA compliance^[5]

Slip RATING

NCC 2022 V2

All Building Classes

NCC 2022 D3D15 & HP11.2.4 [2019 D2.14, 3.9.1.4]

May 2023

null

Riser & Going RULES

NCC 2022 V5

All Building Classes

NCC 2022 D3D14 [2019 D2.13]

May 2023

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (e)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (f)

Opaque Risers required in a Continuous Accessible Path of Travel
Solid treads are required if
> 10m high stairway
> 3 storeys connected^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (e)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (f)}

Tread & Riser BEST PRACTICE

NCC 2022 V2

No single Riser Stairs
Generally not permitted
≤ 1 : 50 gradient to landing
Step ramp 1 : 10 at ≤ 190mm height preferred
For stairways adjoining a sloping walkway
DO NOT allow the last tread to follow the sloping gradient

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (5)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (a)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (c) (ii)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (d)

AS 1428.1:2009, 11.1 (c)

2 to 18 risers in a single flight^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (5)}
115 to 190mm Riser^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (a)}
250 to 355mm Going (240mm if a private stair)
± 5mm per tread & ± 10mm overall Tolerance^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (c) (ii)}
Ø 125mm sphere unable to pass through an open riser^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (d)}
Opaque Risers mandatory for DDA compliance^{AS 1428.1:2009, 11.1 (c)}

Non-Climbable Zone

4m or more fall risk must include a NCZ^[1]

Non-climbable Zone (NCZ)

NCC 2022 V3

All Building Classes

NCC 2022 D3D20 [2019 D2.16a]

May 2023

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)

4m or more fall risk must include an NCZ with no footholds including brackets, hinges, hardware^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)}
150 to 760mm above finished level^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)

4m or more fall risk must include a NCZ^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)}

Tactile Indicators (TGSI)

300±10mm from nosing^[1]
600 to 800mm depth^[2]
Luminance contrast to surrounding finish of
≥ 30% for integrated TGSI's^[3]
≥ 45% for individual TGSI's^[4], &
≥ 60% for raised part of 2 tone style TGSI^[5]

Tactile Indicator OPTIONS

NCC 2022 V1

Tactile Ground Surface Indicators (TGSI)

NCC 2022 V1

Class 2 to 9

NCC 2022 D4D9, S15, & I2D11

[2019 D3.8, D3.6, H2.11]

May 2023

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D4D9

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, Appendix C3

Informative

Changes in direction to be tangibly indicated in compliance to the NCC^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)}
Starts 300±10mm^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4} from nosing, &
Full width of Stair^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D4D9}
600 to 800mm depth if an open Stair, or
300 to 400mm depth if an enclosed Stair with Landing ≤ 3m
Not required where outer handrail is continuous & Landing ≤ 3m^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4}
Not required in a fire stair^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, Appendix C3}
Must be within property boundary^Informative

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (e)

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b i

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b ii

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b iii

300±10mm from nosing^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)}
600 to 800mm depth^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (e)}
Luminance contrast to surrounding finish of
≥ 30% for integrated TGSI's^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b i}
≥ 45% for individual TGSI's^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b ii}, &
≥ 60% for raised part of 2 tone style TGSI^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b iii}

Landings

≥ 750mm length^[1][2]
≥ 600mm (low use)^[3]

Landing (Private Stair)

NCC 2022 V1

Class 1 - 4 & 10 (Private)

NCC 2022 HP11.2.5 [2019 3.9.1.5]

May 2023

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (c)

Landing not required if
≤ 3 risers, or
≤ 570mm cumulative riser height^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (c)}

Landing CLEARANCES

NCC 2022 V5

Class 2 to 9

NCC 2022 D2D8 & HP11.2.5 [2019 D1.4]

May 2023

EFSG 2.0

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)

≥ 1m clearance between handrails (public)^{EFSG 2.0}
≥ 500mm clear from a door leaf opening into a fire stair^{EFSG 2.0}
Mid landing must not be narrower than flight^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)}
Larger clear width may be required by NCC^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)}

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15 (a) (i)

≥ 750mm length^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)}
≥ 600mm (low use)^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15 (a) (i)}

Nosings

Slip resistance^[1][2]
P4 or R11 subject to wetting
P3 or R10 dry conditions
30% luminance contrast^[3]

Nosing RULES

NCC 2022 V6

Class 2 to 9

NCC 2022 D3, H5D2, H5D3 & 11.2 [2019 D2.0, 3.9.1]

May 2023

NCC 2022 Vol 1, S15C4 (b)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.4 (2) (b)

NCC 2022 Vol 2, H5D2

NCC 2022 Vol 2, H5D3

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.1

AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (c)

AS 1428.1:2009, 11.1 (d)

Stairways and Ramps to ensure safe movement and access in accordance to the NCC^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, S15C4 (b)NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.4 (2) (b)NCC 2022 Vol 2, H5D2}
Required on a stair in an Accessible Path of Travel
30% luminance contrast^{NCC 2022 Vol 2, H5D2}
≤ r 5mm Nosing profile^{NCC 2022 Vol 2, H5D3}
Slip resistance^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.1AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (c)}
P4 or R11 subject to wetting
P3 or R10 dry conditions
An off the shelf profile must be AS 1428.1 compliant
Nosing must not project beyond face of riser^{AS 1428.1:2009, 11.1 (d)}

Non Slip TESTING & MAINTENANCE

NCC 2022 V1

Material SAFETY

NCC 2022 V1

NCC 2022 Vol 1, S15C4 (b)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15 (a) (ii)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.4 (2)

Slip resistance^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, S15C4 (b)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15 (a) (ii)}
P4 or R11 subject to wetting
P3 or R10 dry conditions
30% luminance contrast^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.4 (2)}

Tactile Indicators (TGSI)

300 ± 10mm from nosing^[1]
300 to 400mm depth^[2] if
Landing ≤ 3m, or
Outer handrail not continuous

Tactile Ground Surface Indicators (TGSI)

NCC 2022 V3

Class 2 to 9

NCC 2022 D4D9, S15, & I2D11

[2019 D3.8, D3.6, H2.11]

May 2023

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, Appendix C3

Informative

Starts 300±10mm^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)} from nosing, &
Full width of Stair^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4}
600 to 800mm depth if an open Stair, or
300 to 400mm depth if an enclosed Stair with Landing is ≤ 3m
Not required where outer handrail is continuous & Landing is ≤ 3m^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4}
Not required in a fire stair^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, Appendix C3}
Must be within property boundary^Informative

Tactile Indicator OPTIONS

NCC 2022 V1

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4

300 ± 10mm from nosing^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)}
300 to 400mm depth^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4} if
Landing ≤ 3m, or
Outer handrail not continuous

Clear Width

≥ 1m Public Stair^[1]
≥ 600mm non-habitable^[2]

Landing CLEARANCES

NCC 2022 V5

Class 2 to 9

NCC 2022 D2D8 & HP11.2.5 [2019 D1.4]

May 2023

EFSG 2.0

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)

≥ 1m clearance between handrails (public)^{EFSG 2.0}
≥ 500mm clear from a door leaf opening into a fire stair^{EFSG 2.0}
Mid landing must not be narrower than flight^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)}
Larger clear width may be required by NCC^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)

≥ 1m Public Stair^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)}
≥ 600mm non-habitable^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)}

Handrails

865mm to 1m high^[1]
Ø 30 to 50mm^[2]
< 1m high stair not required (private)^[3][4]
Required both sides if width > 2m (public)^[5]

Handrail ACCESSIBILITY

NCC 2022 V7

All Building Classes

NCC 2022 D3D22 & HP11.3.5 [2019 D2.17, 3.9.2.4]

May 2023

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (b)

AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (b)

AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (c)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22

Handrails to be provided in compliance to the NCC^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (b)}
Ø 30 to 50mm^{AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (b)}
Both sides if width of stair is > 2m (Public)^{AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (c)}
Any stair in an Accessible Path of Travel or an Accessible Sole Occupancy Unit to have handrails to both sides
Both handrails continuous around landings except at doors, fire services etc.
Exposed edges & corners ≥ r 5mm^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22}

Handrail GEOMETRY

NCC 2022 V2

Balustrade height measured from top of a hob, if higher than adjacent floor level
≥ 900mm down stair flights &
≥ 1.05m at landings & balconies
Design the Balustrade to be slightly higher than the minimum
Just 1mm too low can make the rails defective & unsafe
At a mid-landing with a change of direction
Locate the the first upward riser 1 going length from the landing
This allows for improved handrail geometry

Handrail DURABILITY

NCC 2022 V2

If within 200m from a coastline, select stainless steel or powder-coated aluminium products
Always use stainless steel fixings, washers, packers, & spacers
Polished stainless steel finishes will reduce "tea staining"

Handrail PRIVATE STAIR

NCC 2022 V3

Class 1 - 4 & 10 (Private)

NCC 2022 D3D22 & HP11.3.5 [2019 D2.17 & 3.9.2.4]

May 2023

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (6) (b)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5 (2) (a)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5 (1) (a)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (a)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (e)

< 1m high stair does not require a handrail^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (6) (b)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5 (2) (a)}
Handrail to at least 1 side^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5 (1) (a)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (a)}
Handrail continuous if possible, but can stop at newel posts or where barrier terminates^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (e)}
No requirement to shape but must be able to be gripped

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (2) (b)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5 (2) (a)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (6) (b)

AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (b)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (b)

865mm to 1m high^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (2) (b)}
Ø 30 to 50mm^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5 (2) (a)}
< 1m high stair not required (private)^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (6) (b)AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (b)}
Required both sides if width > 2m (public)^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (b)}

Clear Height

≥ 2m clear height^[1][2]

Bulkhead Clearance

NCC 2022 V1

≥ 2.1m height clearance above nosing line to bulkheads

Height Clearance RULES

NCC 2022 V1

All Building Classes

NCC 2022 F5D2 & HP10.3.1 [2019 F3.1]

May 2023

NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2

NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)

Clear height for stairways measured above nosing line
Services & fittings must NOT encroach
Allow tolerance for construction deviations, future finishes & fittings^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)}

NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2 (8) (c)

≥ 2m clear height^{NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2 (8) (c)}

Handrail Termination

Required in an Accessible Path of Travel or an Accessible Sole Occupancy Unit^[1]

Handrail TERMINATION

NCC 2022 V4

Class 2 to 9

NCC 2022 D3D22 & 11.3.5 [2019 D2.17, 3.9.2.4]

May 2023

AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (c)

AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (a)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5

AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (g)

Handrails to be provided in compliance to the NCC^{AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (c)AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (a)}
≥ 180° turn at ends^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22}, or
Turn into floor, wall or return to end post
r ≥ 5mm to any mitred joints^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5}
Must not project into an adjacent corridor or beyond a property line^{AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (g)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (5)

Required in an Accessible Path of Travel or an Accessible Sole Occupancy Unit^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (5)}

Continuous Handrail

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)

≥ 750^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)}

Fall (Exterior)

Property Line

To surface below

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (a)

≥ 2^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (a)}

Riser

Tread

Non-Climbable Zone

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)

300±100^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)}

Allow for Service & Fittings

To surface below

Primary School 2nd Handrail

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)

150^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (a)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (a)

Flight 2 to 18 Risers^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (a)NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (a)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (a)

≤ 18^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (a)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D1P2

Safe Movement Requirements within a Building^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D1P2}

Walking surfaces with safe gradients
Doors installed to avoid the risk of occupants
Stairways & ramps with slip-resistant & handrails
Landings to avoid undue fatigue
Landings where a door opens from or onto ramp & stairway without any obstruction

Tools™ Best Practice

Treads & Risers Best Practice^{Tools™ Best Practice}

Allow for drainage around Nosings
Avoid single Risers

Tools™ Best Practice

Balustrade Best Practice^{Tools™ Best Practice}

Avoid wire Balustrades

AS 1428.1:2021, 8.1 (d)

≤ 25^{AS 1428.1:2021, 8.1 (d)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)

≥ 1m^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)} / ≥ 600^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (2) (b)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (3)

865

1m^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (2) (b)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (3)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (1) (d)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (2) (b) (ii)

≥ 1m^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (1) (d)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (2) (b) (ii)}

Handrail

Landing

AS 1428.1:2021, 8.2 (e)

≥ 300^{AS 1428.1:2021, 8.2 (e)}

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)

300±10^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)}

Fall

Zone for Service & Fittings

Soffit

Balustrade (Barrier)

Tools™ Best Practice

1 : 100^{Tools™ Best Practice}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (d)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (a)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (b)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (c)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 NSW (d)

Threshold Height

No step or Ramp at any point closer to the Doorway than the width of the Leaf unless is a^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16}
≤ 35mm Threshold Ramp onto an outdoor space in any Accessible Building^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (d)}
≤ 50mm step onto an outdoor space NSW 9b (Entertainment Venue)^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (a)}
≤ 190mm step onto an outdoor space^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (b)}
≤ 25mm step in Class 9a (Patient Care Area)^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (c)}
≤ 25mm H ≤ 1:8 gradient Threshold Ramp in Class 9c (Resident Use Area)^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 NSW (d)}

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (e)

600^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (e)}

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4

300 / 600^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4}

AS 1428.1:2021, 8.2 (d)

going

width^{AS 1428.1:2021, 8.2 (d)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7

≥ 1.98m^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)

≥ 1m^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)}

Nosing Line

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (a) (i)

≥ 500^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (a) (i)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2 (8) (c)

NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)

2m clear^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2 (8) (c)NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (1) (d)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (2) (b) (ii)

≥ 1m^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (1) (d)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (2) (b) (ii)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D17 (1) (d)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.3 (1) (d)

≥ 1m^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D17 (1) (d)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.3 (1) (d)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2 (8) (c)

NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)

2m clear^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2 (8) (c)NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (b)

R^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (b)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (b)

G^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (b)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)

> 4m^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (2) (b)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (3)

865

1m^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (2) (b)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (3)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)

760^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15 (a)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (b)

≤ 1:50^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15 (a)NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (b)}

TGSI

AS 1428.1:2021, 8.2 (e)

≥ 300^{AS 1428.1:2021, 8.2 (e)}

Nosing Line

Handrail Termination

Required in an Accessible Path of Travel or an Accessible Sole Occupancy Unit^[1]

Handrail TERMINATION

NCC 2025 V1

AS 1428.1:2021, 9 (c)

AS 1428.1:2021, 8.1 (a)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5

AS 1428.1:2021, 9 (g)

Handrails to be provided in compliance to the NCC^{AS 1428.1:2021, 9 (c)AS 1428.1:2021, 8.1 (a)}
≥ 180° turn at ends^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22}, or
Turn into floor, wall or return to end post
r ≥ 5mm to any mitred joints^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5}
Must not project into an adjacent corridor or beyond a property line^{AS 1428.1:2021, 9 (g)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (5)

Required in an Accessible Path of Travel or an Accessible Sole Occupancy Unit^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (5)}

Balustrade

≥ 1m height^[1]
Ø 125mm sphere unable to pass between landing or nosing line & bottom rail of barrier^[2][3]
4m or more fall risk must include a NCZ^[4][5]

Balustrade RULES

NCC 2022 V1

All Building Classes

NCC 2022 D3D17 to 21 [2019 D2.16]

May 2023

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D17 (1) (d)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.3 (1) (d)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (4)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D21

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)

≥ 1m high
≥ 1m or more fall risk requires a balustrade^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D17 (1) (d)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.3 (1) (d)}
Ø 125mm sphere unable to pass between landing or nosing line & bottom rail of barrier^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (4)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D21}
Wire barriers to be spaced & tensioned to ensure compliance^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)}

Non-climbable Zone (NCZ)

NCC 2022 V1

All Building Classes

NCC 2022 D3D20 & HP11.3.4 [2019 D2.16a, 3.9.2.3]

May 2023

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)

4m or more fall risk must include an NCZ with no footholds including brackets, hinges, hardware^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)}
150 to 760mm above finished level^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)}

Class 7 & 8 Balustrade RULES

NCC 2022 V1

Class 7 & 8

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 [2019 D2.16a]

May 2023

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (3) (a)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (3) (b)

Ø 300mm sphere unable to pass between any opening^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (3) (a)}, or
Rail spacing^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (3) (b)}
≤ 150mm from Landing or Nosing Line to lower Rail
≤ 460mm between upper Rails

Balustrade BEST PRACTICE

NCC 2022 V2

Any balustrade system to withstand expected loads
Must be designed and structurally certified
Dependent on the location and use
Glazed systems rely on a common rail or specialized laminated glass to prevent fall if a panel fails
Confirm acceptance of system & selection with owner & certifier
Where a balustrade meets a window or other uneven element, mullion or transom, openings may become larger than allowed
Ø 125mm opening compliance may be affected
Risk for climbing
Fixed furniture, taps etc. must not be installed near a balustrade
Wire balustrades
Avoid as this requires regular maintenance
Have high certification failure rate & facilitate climbing

Fire-isolated Stair RULES

NCC 2022 V4

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (4)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2) (a)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2) (b)

Part of an emergency egress path only^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (4)}
Ø 125^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2)} Sphere Rule applies to all^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)}
External Stairs & Ramps
Class 9b Early Childhood Centres
Ø 300mm sphere unable to pass between any opening^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2) (a)}, or
Rail spacing^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2) (b)}
≤ 150mm from Landing or Nosing Line to lower Rail
≤ 460mm between upper Rails

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (4)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D17 (1) (d)

≥ 1m height^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)}
Ø 125mm sphere unable to pass between landing or nosing line & bottom rail of barrier^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (4)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)}
4m or more fall risk must include a NCZ^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D17 (1) (d)}

Tactile Indicators (TGSI)

300 ± 10mm from nosing^[1]
300 to 400mm depth^[2] if
Landing ≤ 3m, or
Outer handrail not continuous

Tactile Ground Surface Indicators (TGSI)

NCC 2022 V3

Class 2 to 9

NCC 2022 D4D9, S15, & I2D11

[2019 D3.8, D3.6, H2.11]

May 2023

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, Appendix C3

Informative

Starts 300±10mm^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)} from nosing, &
Full width of Stair^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4}
600 to 800mm depth if an open Stair, or
300 to 400mm depth if an enclosed Stair with Landing is ≤ 3m
Not required where outer handrail is continuous & Landing is ≤ 3m^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4}
Not required in a fire stair^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, Appendix C3}
Must be within property boundary^Informative

Tactile Indicator OPTIONS

NCC 2022 V1

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4

300 ± 10mm from nosing^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)}
300 to 400mm depth^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4} if
Landing ≤ 3m, or
Outer handrail not continuous

Landings

≥ 750mm length^[1][2]
≥ 600mm (low use)^[3]

Landing (Private Stair)

NCC 2022 V1

Class 1 - 4 & 10 (Private)

NCC 2022 HP11.2.5 [2019 3.9.1.5]

May 2023

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (c)

Landing not required if
≤ 3 risers, or
≤ 570mm cumulative riser height^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (c)}

Landing CLEARANCES

NCC 2022 V3

Class 2 to 9

NCC 2022 D2D8 & HP11.2.5 [2019 D1.4]

May 2023

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)

≥ 1m clearance between handrails (public)^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5}
Mid landing must not be narrower than flight
Larger clear width may be required by NCC
≥ 500mm clear from a door leaf opening into a fire stair^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)}

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15 (a) (i)

≥ 750mm length^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)}
≥ 600mm (low use)^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15 (a) (i)}

Clear Height

≥ 2m clear height^[1][2]

Bulkhead Clearance

NCC 2022 V1

≥ 2.1m height clearance above nosing line to bulkheads

Height Clearance RULES

NCC 2022 V1

All Building Classes

NCC 2022 F5D2 & HP10.3.1 [2019 F3.1]

May 2023

NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2

NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)

Clear height for stairways measured above nosing line
Services & fittings must NOT encroach
Allow tolerance for construction deviations, future finishes & fittings^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)}

NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2 (8) (c)

≥ 2m clear height^{NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2 (8) (c)}

Doors

Must swing in direction of Egress^[1]
≤ 500mm encroachment on required width^[2]
≥ 1.98m unobstructed door height^[3]

Door Egress Clearance RULES

NCC 2022 V3

All Building Classes

NCC 2022 D2D7 to 11 [2019 D1.6]

May 2023

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D9 (c)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D9 (e)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8

≥ 1.98m height^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7}
≥ Required unobstructed exit width - 250mm^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D9 (c)}
≥ 750mm^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D9 (e)} for most Class 2 to 9 where unobstructed exit width ≥ 1m^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)}
Width increases where the aggregate width of unobstructed exit > 1m^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8}
No requirements if access is only to a sanitary compartment or bathroom

Door Swing RULES

NCC 2022 V1

Class 2 to 9

NCC 2022 D3D25 [2019 D2.20]

May 2023

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (a)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (b)

In a required exit must not encroach^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (a)}
> 500mm swing path into the required width
> 100mm when fully open (including handles)
Must swing in the direction of travel unless^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (b)}
Serves ≤ 200m² building area & has a Hold Open Device
Serves a Sanitary Compartment or Airlock

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (a) (i)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (b)

Must swing in direction of Egress^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7}
≤ 500mm encroachment on required width^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (a) (i)}
≥ 1.98m unobstructed door height^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (b)}

Handrails

865mm to 1m high^[1]
Ø 30 to 50mm^[2]
< 1m high stair not required (private)^[3][4]
Required both sides if width > 2m (public)^[5]

Handrail PRIVATE STAIR

NCC 2022 V1

Class 1 - 4 & 10 (Private)

NCC 2022 D3D22 & HP11.3.5 [2019 D2.17 & 3.9.2.4]

May 2023

< 1m high stair does not require a handrail
Handrail to at least 1 side
Handrail continuous if possible, but can stop at newel posts or where barrier terminates
No requirement to shape but must be able to be gripped

Handrail GEOMETRY

NCC 2022 V2

Balustrade height measured from top of a hob, if higher than adjacent floor level
≥ 900mm down stair flights &
≥ 1.05m at landings & balconies
Design the Balustrade to be slightly higher than the minimum
Just 1mm too low can make the rails defective & unsafe
At a mid-landing with a change of direction
Locate the the first upward riser 1 going length from the landing
This allows for improved handrail geometry

Handrail DURABILITY

NCC 2022 V2

If within 200m from a coastline, select stainless steel or powder-coated aluminium products
Always use stainless steel fixings, washers, packers, & spacers
Polished stainless steel finishes will reduce "tea staining"

Handrail ACCESSIBILITY

NCC 2025 V3

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (b)

AS 1428.1:2021, 9 (b)

AS 1428.1:2021, 9 (c)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22

Handrails to be provided in compliance to the NCC^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (b)}
Ø 30 to 50mm^{AS 1428.1:2021, 9 (b)}
Both sides if width of stair is > 2m (Public)^{AS 1428.1:2021, 9 (c)}
Any stair in an Accessible Path of Travel or an Accessible Sole Occupancy Unit to have handrails to both sides
Both handrails continuous around landings except at doors, fire services etc.
Exposed edges & corners ≥ r 5mm^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (2) (b)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5 (2) (a)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (6) (b)

AS 1428.1:2021, 9 (b)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (b)

865mm to 1m high^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (2) (b)}
Ø 30 to 50mm^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5 (2) (a)}
< 1m high stair not required (private)^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (6) (b)AS 1428.1:2021, 9 (b)}
Required both sides if width > 2m (public)^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (b)}

Treads & Risers

2 to 18 risers in a single flight^[1]
115 to 190mm Riser^[2]
250 to 355mm Going (240mm if a private stair)
± 5mm per tread & ± 10mm overall Tolerance^[3]
Ø 125mm sphere unable to pass through an open riser^[4]
Opaque Risers mandatory for DDA compliance^[5]

Slip RATING

NCC 2022 V2

All Building Classes

NCC 2022 D3D15 & HP11.2.4 [2019 D2.14, 3.9.1.4]

May 2023

null

Riser & Going RULES

NCC 2022 V5

All Building Classes

NCC 2022 D3D14 [2019 D2.13]

May 2023

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (e)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (f)

Opaque Risers required in a Continuous Accessible Path of Travel
Solid treads are required if
> 10m high stairway
> 3 storeys connected^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (e)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (f)}

Tread & Riser BEST PRACTICE

NCC 2022 V2

No single Riser Stairs
Generally not permitted
≤ 1 : 50 gradient to landing
Step ramp 1 : 10 at ≤ 190mm height preferred
For stairways adjoining a sloping walkway
DO NOT allow the last tread to follow the sloping gradient

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (5)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (a)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (c) (ii)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (d)

AS 1428.1:2021, 8.1 (c)

2 to 18 risers in a single flight^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (5)}
115 to 190mm Riser^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (a)}
250 to 355mm Going (240mm if a private stair)
± 5mm per tread & ± 10mm overall Tolerance^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (c) (ii)}
Ø 125mm sphere unable to pass through an open riser^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (d)}
Opaque Risers mandatory for DDA compliance^{AS 1428.1:2021, 8.1 (c)}

Glazing

Grade A Safety Glass^[1]

Glazing FALL SAFETY

NCC 2022 V3

All Building Classes

NCC 2022 B1D4 & HP8.4.2 [2019 B1.4, 3.6.4.1]

May 2023

AS 1288:2021, 5.16 (b)

AS 1288:2021, 5.16 (a)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, B1D4 (.)

NCC 2022 HP, 8.4.2

Safety Glazing Assemblies to be structurally sound to the NCC^{AS 1288:2021, 5.16 (b)AS 1288:2021, 5.16 (a)}
Grade A safety glass if
< 2m from bottom Riser of Flight, and^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, B1D4 (.)}
< 1m above Nosing line^{NCC 2022 HP, 8.4.2}

AS 1288:2021, 5.16 (b)

Grade A Safety Glass^{AS 1288:2021, 5.16 (b)}

Clear Width

≥ 1m Public Stair^[1]
≥ 600mm non-habitable^[2]

Landing CLEARANCES

NCC 2022 V5

Class 2 to 9

NCC 2022 D2D8 & HP11.2.5 [2019 D1.4]

May 2023

EFSG 2.0

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)

≥ 1m clearance between handrails (public)^{EFSG 2.0}
≥ 500mm clear from a door leaf opening into a fire stair^{EFSG 2.0}
Mid landing must not be narrower than flight^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)}
Larger clear width may be required by NCC^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)

≥ 1m Public Stair^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)}
≥ 600mm non-habitable^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)}

Nosings

Slip resistance^[1][2]
P4 or R11 subject to wetting
P3 or R10 dry conditions
30% luminance contrast^[3]

Nosing RULES

NCC 2025 V1

NCC 2022 Vol 1, S15C4 (b)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.4 (2) (b)

NCC 2022 Vol 2, H5D2

AS 1428.1:2021, 8.1 (e)

AS 1428.1:2021, 8.1 (d)

NCC 2022 Vol 2, H5D2

NCC 2022 Vol 2, H5D3

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.1

Stairways and Ramps to ensure safe movement and access in accordance to the NCC^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, S15C4 (b)NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.4 (2) (b)NCC 2022 Vol 2, H5D2}
Required on a stair in an Accessible Path of Travel
30% luminance contrast^{AS 1428.1:2021, 8.1 (e)}
Nosing profile^{AS 1428.1:2021, 8.1 (d)}
≤ r 5mm, or
≤ 5 x 5mm chamfer, or
Squared off
Slip resistance^{NCC 2022 Vol 2, H5D2NCC 2022 Vol 2, H5D3}
P4 or R11 subject to wetting
P3 or R10 dry conditions
An off the shelf profile must be AS 1428.1 compliant
Nosing must not project beyond face of riser^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.1}

Non Slip TESTING & MAINTENANCE

NCC 2022 V1

Material SAFETY

NCC 2022 V1

NCC 2022 Vol 1, S15C4 (b)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15 (a) (ii)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.4 (2)

Slip resistance^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, S15C4 (b)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15 (a) (ii)}
P4 or R11 subject to wetting
P3 or R10 dry conditions
30% luminance contrast^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.4 (2)}

Storage Under Stairs

Fire-isolated Stair
Not allowed^[1]
Required non Fire-isolated Stair
60/60/60 FRL^[2]

Enclosure Under Stair RULES

NCC 2022 V1

Class 2 to 9

NCC 2022 D3D9 [2019 D2.8]

May 2023

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (1)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (a)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (b)

Fire-isolated Stair
Must not be enclosed to form a cupboard or similar enclosed space^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (1)}
Required non Fire-isolated Stair (including external Stairway) may be enclosed with
60/60/60 FRL Walls & ceiling^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (a)}
-/60/30 FRL self-closing Fire Door^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (b)}
Stairs within an SOU or non-required egress path may be enclosed

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (1)

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (a)

Fire-isolated Stair
Not allowed^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (1)}
Required non Fire-isolated Stair
60/60/60 FRL^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (a)}

Non-Climbable Zone

4m or more fall risk must include a NCZ^[1]

Non-climbable Zone (NCZ)

NCC 2022 V3

All Building Classes

NCC 2022 D3D20 [2019 D2.16a]

May 2023

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)

NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)

4m or more fall risk must include an NCZ with no footholds including brackets, hinges, hardware^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)}
150 to 760mm above finished level^{NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)}

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)

4m or more fall risk must include a NCZ^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)}

Tactile Indicators (TGSI)

300±10mm from nosing^[1]
600 to 800mm depth^[2]
Luminance contrast to surrounding finish of
≥ 30% for integrated TGSI's^[3]
≥ 45% for individual TGSI's^[4], &
≥ 60% for raised part of 2 tone style TGSI^[5]

Tactile Indicator OPTIONS

NCC 2022 V1

Tactile Ground Surface Indicators (TGSI)

NCC 2022 V1

Class 2 to 9

NCC 2022 D4D9, S15, & I2D11

[2019 D3.8, D3.6, H2.11]

May 2023

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4

NCC 2022 Vol 1, D4D9

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, Appendix C3

Informative

Changes in direction to be tangibly indicated in compliance to the NCC^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)}
Starts 300±10mm^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4} from nosing, &
Full width of Stair^{NCC 2022 Vol 1, D4D9}
600 to 800mm depth if an open Stair, or
300 to 400mm depth if an enclosed Stair with Landing ≤ 3m
Not required where outer handrail is continuous & Landing ≤ 3m^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4}
Not required in a fire stair^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, Appendix C3}
Must be within property boundary^Informative

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (e)

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b i

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b ii

AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b iii

300±10mm from nosing^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)}
600 to 800mm depth^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (e)}
Luminance contrast to surrounding finish of
≥ 30% for integrated TGSI's^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b i}
≥ 45% for individual TGSI's^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b ii}, &
≥ 60% for raised part of 2 tone style TGSI^{AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b iii}

Fire Door