Public (Stairs) Building Codes & Rules
- Discover stair compliance: treads, risers, landings, handrails, tactile indicators, and more. Tools™ simplifies NCC with interactive graphics for efficiency.
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (a)
Flight 2 to 18 RisersNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (a)NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (a)
Continuous Handrail
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)
Nosing Line
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (a) (i)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2 (8) (c)
NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (1) (d)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (2) (b) (ii)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D17 (1) (d)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.3 (1) (d)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2 (8) (c)
NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (b)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (b)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (2) (b)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (3)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15 (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (b)
TGSI
AS 1428.1:2021, 8.2 (e)
Nosing Line
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D1P2
Safe Movement Requirements within a BuildingNCC 2022 Vol 1, D1P2
- Walking surfaces with safe gradients
- Doors installed to avoid the risk of occupants
- Stairways & ramps with slip-resistant & handrails
- Landings to avoid undue fatigue
- Landings where a door opens from or onto ramp & stairway without any obstruction
Tools™ Best Practice
Treads & Risers Best PracticeTools™ Best Practice
- Allow for drainage around Nosings
- Avoid single Risers
Tools™ Best Practice
Balustrade Best PracticeTools™ Best Practice
- Avoid wire Balustrades
AS 1428.1:2021, 8.1 (d)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (2) (b)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (3)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (1) (d)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (2) (b) (ii)
Handrail
Landing
AS 1428.1:2021, 8.2 (e)
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)
Fall
Zone for Service & Fittings
Soffit
Balustrade (Barrier)
Tools™ Best Practice
1 : 100Tools™ Best Practice
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (d)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (b)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (c)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 NSW (d)
Threshold Height
- No step or Ramp at any point closer to the Doorway than the width of the Leaf unless is aNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16
- ≤ 35mm Threshold Ramp onto an outdoor space in any Accessible BuildingNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (d)
- ≤ 50mm step onto an outdoor space NSW 9b (Entertainment Venue)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (a)
- ≤ 190mm step onto an outdoor spaceNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (b)
- ≤ 25mm step in Class 9a (Patient Care Area)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (c)
- ≤ 25mm H ≤ 1:8 gradient Threshold Ramp in Class 9c (Resident Use Area)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 NSW (d)
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (e)
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4
300 / 600AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4
AS 1428.1:2021, 8.2 (d)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7
≥ 1.98mNCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)
Fall (Exterior)
Property Line
1
To surface below
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (a)
Riser
3
Tread
Non-Climbable Zone
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)
Allow for Service & Fittings
To surface below
Primary School 2nd Handrail
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)
Handrail Termination
- Required in an Accessible Path of Travel or an Accessible Sole Occupancy Unit[1]
Handrail TERMINATION
NCC 2025 V1
AS 1428.1:2021, 9 (c)
AS 1428.1:2021, 8.1 (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5
AS 1428.1:2021, 9 (g)
- Handrails to be provided in compliance to the NCCAS 1428.1:2021, 9 (c)AS 1428.1:2021, 8.1 (a)
- ≥ 180° turn at endsNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22, or
- Turn into floor, wall or return to end post
- r ≥ 5mm to any mitred jointsNCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5
- Must not project into an adjacent corridor or beyond a property lineAS 1428.1:2021, 9 (g)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (5)
- Required in an Accessible Path of Travel or an Accessible Sole Occupancy UnitNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (5)
Non-Climbable Zone
- 4m or more fall risk must include a NCZ[1]
Non-climbable Zone (NCZ)
NCC 2022 V3
All Building Classes
NCC 2022 D3D20 [2019 D2.16a]
May 2023
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)
- 4m or more fall risk must include an NCZ with no footholds including brackets, hinges, hardwareNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
- 150 to 760mm above finished levelNCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
- 4m or more fall risk must include a NCZNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
Fire Door
Tactile Indicators (TGSI)
- 300 ±10mm from nosing[1]
- 600 to 800mm depth[2]
- Luminance contrast to surrounding finish of
- ≥ 30% for integrated TGSI's[3]
- ≥ 45% for individual TGSI's[4], &
- ≥ 60% for raised part of 2 tone style TGSI[5]
Tactile Ground Surface Indicators (TGSI)
NCC 2022 V1
Class 2 to 9
NCC 2022 D4D9, S15, & I2D11
[2019 D3.8, D3.6, H2.11]
May 2023
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, Appendix C3
Informative
- Starts 300±10mmAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c) from nosing, &
- Full width of StairAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4
- 600 to 800mm depth if an open Stair, or
- 300 to 400mm depth if an enclosed Stair with Landing is ≤ 3m
- Not required where outer handrail is continuous & Landing is ≤ 3mAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4
- Not required in a fire stairAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, Appendix C3
- Must be within property boundaryInformative
Tactile Indicator OPTIONS
NCC 2022 V1
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (e)
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b i
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b ii
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b iii
- 300 ±10mm from nosingAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)
- 600 to 800mm depthAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (e)
- Luminance contrast to surrounding finish of
- ≥ 30% for integrated TGSI'sAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b i
- ≥ 45% for individual TGSI'sAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b ii, &
- ≥ 60% for raised part of 2 tone style TGSIAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b iii
Balustrade
- ≥ 1m height[1]
- Ø 125mm sphere unable to pass between landing or nosing line & bottom rail of barrier[2][3]
- 4m or more fall risk must include a NCZ[4][5]
Balustrade RULES
NCC 2022 V1
All Building Classes
NCC 2022 D3D17 to 21 [2019 D2.16]
May 2023
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D17 (1) (d)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.3 (1) (d)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (4)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D21
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)
- ≥ 1m high
- ≥ 1m or more fall risk requires a balustradeNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D17 (1) (d)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.3 (1) (d)
- Ø 125mm sphere unable to pass between landing or nosing line & bottom rail of barrierNCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (4)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D21
- Wire barriers to be spaced & tensioned to ensure complianceNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)
Non-climbable Zone (NCZ)
NCC 2022 V1
All Building Classes
NCC 2022 D3D20 & HP11.3.4 [2019 D2.16a, 3.9.2.3]
May 2023
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)
- 4m or more fall risk must include an NCZ with no footholds including brackets, hinges, hardwareNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
- 150 to 760mm above finished levelNCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)
Class 7 & 8 Balustrade RULES
NCC 2022 V1
Class 7 & 8
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 [2019 D2.16a]
May 2023
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (3) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (3) (b)
- Ø 300mm sphere unable to pass between any openingNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (3) (a), or
- Rail spacingNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (3) (b)
- ≤ 150mm from Landing or Nosing Line to lower Rail
- ≤ 460mm between upper Rails
Balustrade BEST PRACTICE
NCC 2022 V2
- Any balustrade system to withstand expected loads
- Must be designed and structurally certified
- Dependent on the location and use
- Glazed systems rely on a common rail or specialized laminated glass to prevent fall if a panel fails
- Confirm acceptance of system & selection with owner & certifier
- Where a balustrade meets a window or other uneven element, mullion or transom, openings may become larger than allowed
- Ø 125mm opening compliance may be affected
- Risk for climbing
- Fixed furniture, taps etc. must not be installed near a balustrade
- Wire balustrades
- Avoid as this requires regular maintenance
- Have high certification failure rate & facilitate climbing
Fire-isolated Stair RULES
NCC 2022 V4
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (4)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2) (b)
- Part of an emergency egress path onlyNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (4)
- Ø 125NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2) Sphere Rule applies to allNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)
- External Stairs & Ramps
- Class 9b Early Childhood Centres
- Ø 300mm sphere unable to pass between any openingNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2) (a), or
- Rail spacingNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2) (b)
- ≤ 150mm from Landing or Nosing Line to lower Rail
- ≤ 460mm between upper Rails
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (4)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D17 (1) (d)
- ≥ 1m heightNCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)
- Ø 125mm sphere unable to pass between landing or nosing line & bottom rail of barrierNCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (4)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
- 4m or more fall risk must include a NCZNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D17 (1) (d)
Tactile Indicators (TGSI)
Tactile Ground Surface Indicators (TGSI)
NCC 2022 V1
Class 2 to 9
NCC 2022 D4D9, S15, & I2D11
[2019 D3.8, D3.6, H2.11]
May 2023
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, Appendix C3
Informative
- Starts 300±10mmAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c) from nosing, &
- Full width of StairAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4
- 600 to 800mm depth if an open Stair, or
- 300 to 400mm depth if an enclosed Stair with Landing is ≤ 3m
- Not required where outer handrail is continuous & Landing is ≤ 3mAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4
- Not required in a fire stairAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, Appendix C3
- Must be within property boundaryInformative
Tactile Indicator OPTIONS
NCC 2022 V1
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4
- 300 ± 10mm from nosingAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)
- 300 to 400mm depthAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4 if
- Landing ≤ 3m, or
- Outer handrail not continuous
Glazing
- Grade A Safety Glass[1]
Glazing FALL SAFETY
NCC 2022 V3
All Building Classes
NCC 2022 B1D4 & HP8.4.2 [2019 B1.4, 3.6.4.1]
May 2023
AS 1288:2021, 5.16 (b)
AS 1288:2021, 5.16 (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, B1D4 (.)
NCC 2022 HP, 8.4.2
- Safety Glazing Assemblies to be structurally sound to the NCCAS 1288:2021, 5.16 (b)AS 1288:2021, 5.16 (a)
- Grade A safety glass if
- < 2m from bottom Riser of Flight, andNCC 2022 Vol 1, B1D4 (.)
- < 1m above Nosing lineNCC 2022 HP, 8.4.2
AS 1288:2021, 5.16 (b)
- Grade A Safety GlassAS 1288:2021, 5.16 (b)
Landings
Landing (Private Stair)
NCC 2022 V1
Class 1 - 4 & 10 (Private)
NCC 2022 HP11.2.5 [2019 3.9.1.5]
May 2023
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (c)
- Landing not required if
- ≤ 3 risers, or
- ≤ 570mm cumulative riser heightNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (c)
Landing CLEARANCES
NCC 2022 V3
Class 2 to 9
NCC 2022 D2D8 & HP11.2.5 [2019 D1.4]
May 2023
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)
- ≥ 1m clearance between handrails (public)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5
- Mid landing must not be narrower than flight
- Larger clear width may be required by NCC
- ≥ 500mm clear from a door leaf opening into a fire stairNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15 (a) (i)
- ≥ 750mm lengthNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)
- ≥ 600mm (low use)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15 (a) (i)
Clear Height
Bulkhead Clearance
NCC 2022 V1
- ≥ 2.1m height clearance above nosing line to bulkheads
Height Clearance RULES
NCC 2022 V1
All Building Classes
NCC 2022 F5D2 & HP10.3.1 [2019 F3.1]
May 2023
NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2
NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)
- Clear height for stairways measured above nosing line
- Services & fittings must NOT encroach
- Allow tolerance for construction deviations, future finishes & fittingsNCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)
NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2 (8) (c)
- ≥ 2m clear heightNCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2 (8) (c)
Storage Under Stairs
Enclosure Under Stair RULES
NCC 2022 V1
Class 2 to 9
NCC 2022 D3D9 [2019 D2.8]
May 2023
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (1)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (b)
- Fire-isolated Stair
- Must not be enclosed to form a cupboard or similar enclosed spaceNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (1)
- Required non Fire-isolated Stair (including external Stairway) may be enclosed with
- 60/60/60 FRL Walls & ceilingNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (a)
- -/60/30 FRL self-closing Fire DoorNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (b)
- Stairs within an SOU or non-required egress path may be enclosed
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (1)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (a)
- Fire-isolated Stair
- Not allowedNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (1)
- Required non Fire-isolated Stair
- 60/60/60 FRLNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (a)
Doors
- Must swing in direction of Egress[1]
- ≤ 500mm encroachment on required width[2]
- ≥ 1.98m unobstructed door height[3]
Door Egress Clearance RULES
NCC 2022 V3
All Building Classes
NCC 2022 D2D7 to 11 [2019 D1.6]
May 2023
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D9 (c)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D9 (e)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8
- ≥ 1.98m heightNCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7
- ≥ Required unobstructed exit width - 250mmNCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D9 (c)
- ≥ 750mmNCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D9 (e) for most Class 2 to 9 where unobstructed exit width ≥ 1mNCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)
- Width increases where the aggregate width of unobstructed exit > 1mNCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8
- No requirements if access is only to a sanitary compartment or bathroom
Door Swing RULES
NCC 2022 V1
Class 2 to 9
NCC 2022 D3D25 [2019 D2.20]
May 2023
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (b)
- In a required exit must not encroachNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (a)
- > 500mm swing path into the required width
- > 100mm when fully open (including handles)
- Must swing in the direction of travel unlessNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (b)
- Serves ≤ 200m² building area & has a Hold Open Device
- Serves a Sanitary Compartment or Airlock
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (a) (i)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (b)
- Must swing in direction of EgressNCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7
- ≤ 500mm encroachment on required widthNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (a) (i)
- ≥ 1.98m unobstructed door heightNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (b)
Handrails
- 865mm to 1m high[1]
- Ø 30 to 50mm[2]
- < 1m high stair not required (private)[3][4]
- Required both sides if width > 2m (public)[5]
Handrail PRIVATE STAIR
NCC 2022 V1
Class 1 - 4 & 10 (Private)
NCC 2022 D3D22 & HP11.3.5 [2019 D2.17 & 3.9.2.4]
May 2023
- < 1m high stair does not require a handrail
- Handrail to at least 1 side
- Handrail continuous if possible, but can stop at newel posts or where barrier terminates
- No requirement to shape but must be able to be gripped
Handrail GEOMETRY
NCC 2022 V2
- Balustrade height measured from top of a hob, if higher than adjacent floor level
- ≥ 900mm down stair flights &
- ≥ 1.05m at landings & balconies
- Design the Balustrade to be slightly higher than the minimum
- Just 1mm too low can make the rails defective & unsafe
- At a mid-landing with a change of direction
- Locate the the first upward riser 1 going length from the landing
- This allows for improved handrail geometry
Handrail DURABILITY
NCC 2022 V2
- If within 200m from a coastline, select stainless steel or powder-coated aluminium products
- Always use stainless steel fixings, washers, packers, & spacers
- Polished stainless steel finishes will reduce "tea staining"
Handrail ACCESSIBILITY
NCC 2025 V3
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (b)
AS 1428.1:2021, 9 (b)
AS 1428.1:2021, 9 (c)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22
- Handrails to be provided in compliance to the NCCNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (b)
- Ø 30 to 50mmAS 1428.1:2021, 9 (b)
- Both sides if width of stair is > 2m (Public)AS 1428.1:2021, 9 (c)
- Any stair in an Accessible Path of Travel or an Accessible Sole Occupancy Unit to have handrails to both sides
- Both handrails continuous around landings except at doors, fire services etc.
- Exposed edges & corners ≥ r 5mmNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (2) (b)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5 (2) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (6) (b)
AS 1428.1:2021, 9 (b)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (b)
- 865mm to 1m highNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (2) (b)
- Ø 30 to 50mmNCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5 (2) (a)
- < 1m high stair not required (private)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (6) (b)AS 1428.1:2021, 9 (b)
- Required both sides if width > 2m (public)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (b)
Treads & Risers
- 2 to 18 risers in a single flight[1]
- 115 to 190mm Riser[2]
- 250 to 355mm Going (240mm if a private stair)
- ± 5mm per tread & ± 10mm overall Tolerance[3]
- Ø 125mm sphere unable to pass through an open riser[4]
- Opaque Risers mandatory for DDA compliance[5]
Slip RATING
NCC 2022 V3
All Building Classes
NCC 2022 D3D15 & HP11.2.4 [2019 D2.14, 3.9.1.4]
May 2023
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.4
HB 198:2014, 4.3.2 (Table 3A)
HB 198:2014, 5.2 (Table 3B)
- Areas with a risk of slipping due to the surface conditions, to ensure safety and be slip-resistant to the NCCNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.4
- Slip Resistance for pedestrian surfaces along stairs, see Table belowHB 198:2014, 4.3.2 (Table 3A)HB 198:2014, 5.2 (Table 3B)
Riser & Going RULES
NCC 2022 V5
All Building Classes
NCC 2022 D3D14 [2019 D2.13]
May 2023
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (e)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (f)
- Opaque Risers required in a Continuous Accessible Path of Travel
- Solid treads are required if
- > 10m high stairway
- > 3 storeys connectedNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (e)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (f)
Tread & Riser BEST PRACTICE
NCC 2022 V2
- No single Riser Stairs
- Generally not permitted
- ≤ 1 : 50 gradient to landing
- Step ramp 1 : 10 at ≤ 190mm height preferred
- For stairways adjoining a sloping walkway
- DO NOT allow the last tread to follow the sloping gradient
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (5)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (c) (ii)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (d)
AS 1428.1:2021, 8.1 (c)
- 2 to 18 risers in a single flightNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (5)
- 115 to 190mm RiserNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (a)
- 250 to 355mm Going (240mm if a private stair)
- ± 5mm per tread & ± 10mm overall ToleranceNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (c) (ii)
- Ø 125mm sphere unable to pass through an open riserNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (d)
- Opaque Risers mandatory for DDA complianceAS 1428.1:2021, 8.1 (c)
Clear Width
Landing CLEARANCES
NCC 2022 V5
Class 2 to 9
NCC 2022 D2D8 & HP11.2.5 [2019 D1.4]
May 2023
EFSG 2.0
EFSG 2.0
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)
- ≥ 1m clearance between handrails (public)EFSG 2.0
- ≥ 500mm clear from a door leaf opening into a fire stairEFSG 2.0
- Mid landing must not be narrower than flightNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)
- Larger clear width may be required by NCCNCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)
- ≥ 1m Public StairNCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)
- ≥ 600mm non-habitableNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)
Nosings
Nosing RULES
NCC 2025 V1
NCC 2022 Vol 1, S15C4 (b)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.4 (2) (b)
NCC 2022 Vol 2, H5D2
AS 1428.1:2021, 8.1 (e)
AS 1428.1:2021, 8.1 (d)
NCC 2022 Vol 2, H5D2
NCC 2022 Vol 2, H5D3
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.1
- Stairways and Ramps to ensure safe movement and access in accordance to the NCCNCC 2022 Vol 1, S15C4 (b)NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.4 (2) (b)NCC 2022 Vol 2, H5D2
- Required on a stair in an Accessible Path of Travel
- 30% luminance contrastAS 1428.1:2021, 8.1 (e)
- Nosing profileAS 1428.1:2021, 8.1 (d)
- ≤ r 5mm, or
- ≤ 5 x 5mm chamfer, or
- Squared off
- Slip resistanceNCC 2022 Vol 2, H5D2NCC 2022 Vol 2, H5D3
- P4 or R11 subject to wetting
- P3 or R10 dry conditions
- An off the shelf profile must be AS 1428.1 compliant
- Nosing must not project beyond face of riserNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.1
Non Slip TESTING & MAINTENANCE
NCC 2022 V1
Material SAFETY
NCC 2022 V1
NCC 2022 Vol 1, S15C4 (b)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15 (a) (ii)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.4 (2)
- Slip resistanceNCC 2022 Vol 1, S15C4 (b)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15 (a) (ii)
- P4 or R11 subject to wetting
- P3 or R10 dry conditions
- 30% luminance contrastNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.4 (2)
Riser
Primary School 2nd Handrail
Continuous Handrail
AS 1428.1:2009, 11.2 (d)
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)
Fall
Zone for Service & Fittings
Soffit
Balustrade (Barrier)
Tools™ Best Practice
1 : 100Tools™ Best Practice
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)
Nosing Line
TGSI
Property Line
1
To surface below
AS 1428.1:2009, 11.2 (e)
3
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)
Fall (Exterior)
Tools™ Best Practice
Treads & Risers Best PracticeTools™ Best Practice
- Allow for drainage around Nosings
- Avoid single Risers
Tools™ Best Practice
Balustrade Best PracticeTools™ Best Practice
- Avoid wire Balustrades
AS 1428.1:2009, 11.2 (d)
AS 1428.1:2009, 11.1 (d)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (2) (b)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (3)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (1) (d)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (2) (b) (ii)
Handrail
Landing
Tread
Non-Climbable Zone
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (d)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (b)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (c)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 NSW (d)
Threshold Height
- No step or Ramp at any point closer to the Doorway than the width of the Leaf unless is aNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16
- ≤ 35mm Threshold Ramp onto an outdoor space in any Accessible BuildingNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (d)
- ≤ 50mm step onto an outdoor space NSW 9b (Entertainment Venue)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (a)
- ≤ 190mm step onto an outdoor spaceNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (b)
- ≤ 25mm step in Class 9a (Patient Care Area)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 (c)
- ≤ 25mm H ≤ 1:8 gradient Threshold Ramp in Class 9c (Resident Use Area)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D16 NSW (d)
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4
300 / 600AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (e)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (a)
Flight 2 to 18 RisersNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (a)NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (1) (d)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (2) (b) (ii)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D17 (1) (d)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.3 (1) (d)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2 (8) (c)
NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (b)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (b)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (2) (b)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (3)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15 (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (b)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D1P2
Safe Movement Requirements within a BuildingNCC 2022 Vol 1, D1P2
- Walking surfaces with safe gradients
- Doors installed to avoid the risk of occupants
- Stairways & ramps with slip-resistant & handrails
- Landings to avoid undue fatigue
- Landings where a door opens from or onto ramp & stairway without any obstruction
Nosing Line
Allow for Service & Fittings
To surface below
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7
≥ 1.98mNCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (a) (i)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2 (8) (c)
NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)
Glazing
- Grade A Safety Glass[1]
Glazing FALL SAFETY
NCC 2022 V3
All Building Classes
NCC 2022 B1D4 & HP8.4.2 [2019 B1.4, 3.6.4.1]
May 2023
AS 1288:2021, 5.16 (b)
AS 1288:2021, 5.16 (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, B1D4 (.)
NCC 2022 HP, 8.4.2
- Safety Glazing Assemblies to be structurally sound to the NCCAS 1288:2021, 5.16 (b)AS 1288:2021, 5.16 (a)
- Grade A safety glass if
- < 2m from bottom Riser of Flight, andNCC 2022 Vol 1, B1D4 (.)
- < 1m above Nosing lineNCC 2022 HP, 8.4.2
AS 1288:2021, 5.16 (b)
- Grade A Safety GlassAS 1288:2021, 5.16 (b)
Fire Door
Non-Climbable Zone
- 4m or more fall risk must include a NCZ[1]
Non-climbable Zone (NCZ)
NCC 2022 V3
All Building Classes
NCC 2022 D3D20 [2019 D2.16a]
May 2023
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)
- 4m or more fall risk must include an NCZ with no footholds including brackets, hinges, hardwareNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
- 150 to 760mm above finished levelNCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
- 4m or more fall risk must include a NCZNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
Tactile Indicators (TGSI)
- 300 ±10mm from nosing[1]
- 600 to 800mm depth[2]
- Luminance contrast to surrounding finish of
- ≥ 30% for integrated TGSI's[3]
- ≥ 45% for individual TGSI's[4], &
- ≥ 60% for raised part of 2 tone style TGSI[5]
Tactile Ground Surface Indicators (TGSI)
NCC 2022 V1
Class 2 to 9
NCC 2022 D4D9, S15, & I2D11
[2019 D3.8, D3.6, H2.11]
May 2023
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, Appendix C3
Informative
- Starts 300±10mmAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c) from nosing, &
- Full width of StairAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4
- 600 to 800mm depth if an open Stair, or
- 300 to 400mm depth if an enclosed Stair with Landing is ≤ 3m
- Not required where outer handrail is continuous & Landing is ≤ 3mAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4
- Not required in a fire stairAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, Appendix C3
- Must be within property boundaryInformative
Tactile Indicator OPTIONS
NCC 2022 V1
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (e)
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b i
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b ii
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b iii
- 300 ±10mm from nosingAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)
- 600 to 800mm depthAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (e)
- Luminance contrast to surrounding finish of
- ≥ 30% for integrated TGSI'sAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b i
- ≥ 45% for individual TGSI'sAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b ii, &
- ≥ 60% for raised part of 2 tone style TGSIAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.2 b iii
Clear Height
Bulkhead Clearance
NCC 2022 V1
- ≥ 2.1m height clearance above nosing line to bulkheads
Height Clearance RULES
NCC 2022 V1
All Building Classes
NCC 2022 F5D2 & HP10.3.1 [2019 F3.1]
May 2023
NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2
NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)
- Clear height for stairways measured above nosing line
- Services & fittings must NOT encroach
- Allow tolerance for construction deviations, future finishes & fittingsNCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)
NCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2 (8) (c)
- ≥ 2m clear heightNCC 2022 HP, 10.3.1 (1) (f)NCC 2022 Vol 1, F5D2 (8) (c)
Landings
Landing (Private Stair)
NCC 2022 V1
Class 1 - 4 & 10 (Private)
NCC 2022 HP11.2.5 [2019 3.9.1.5]
May 2023
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (c)
- Landing not required if
- ≤ 3 risers, or
- ≤ 570mm cumulative riser heightNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (c)
Landing CLEARANCES
NCC 2022 V5
Class 2 to 9
NCC 2022 D2D8 & HP11.2.5 [2019 D1.4]
May 2023
EFSG 2.0
EFSG 2.0
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)
- ≥ 1m clearance between handrails (public)EFSG 2.0
- ≥ 500mm clear from a door leaf opening into a fire stairEFSG 2.0
- Mid landing must not be narrower than flightNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)
- Larger clear width may be required by NCCNCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15 (a) (i)
- ≥ 750mm lengthNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)
- ≥ 600mm (low use)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15 (a) (i)
Nosings
Nosing RULES
NCC 2022 V1
Class 2 to 9
NCC 2022 D3, H5D2, H5D3 & 11.2 [2019 D2.0, 3.9.1]
May 2023
NCC 2022 Vol 1, S15C4 (b)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.4 (2) (b)
NCC 2022 Vol 2, H5D2
NCC 2022 Vol 2, H5D2
NCC 2022 Vol 2, H5D3
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.1
AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (c)
AS 1428.1:2009, 11.1 (d)
- Stairways and Ramps to ensure safe movement and access in accordance to the NCCNCC 2022 Vol 1, S15C4 (b)NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.4 (2) (b)NCC 2022 Vol 2, H5D2
- Required on a stair in an Accessible Path of Travel
- 30% luminance contrastNCC 2022 Vol 2, H5D2
- ≤ r 5mm Nosing profileNCC 2022 Vol 2, H5D3
- Slip resistanceNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.1AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (c)
- P4 or R11 subject to wetting
- P3 or R10 dry conditions
- An off the shelf profile must be AS 1428.1 compliant
- Nosing must not project beyond face of riserAS 1428.1:2009, 11.1 (d)
Non Slip TESTING & MAINTENANCE
NCC 2022 V1
Material SAFETY
NCC 2022 V1
NCC 2022 Vol 1, S15C4 (b)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15 (a) (ii)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.4 (2)
- Slip resistanceNCC 2022 Vol 1, S15C4 (b)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15 (a) (ii)
- P4 or R11 subject to wetting
- P3 or R10 dry conditions
- 30% luminance contrastNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.4 (2)
Storage Under Stairs
Enclosure Under Stair RULES
NCC 2022 V1
Class 2 to 9
NCC 2022 D3D9 [2019 D2.8]
May 2023
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (1)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (b)
- Fire-isolated Stair
- Must not be enclosed to form a cupboard or similar enclosed spaceNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (1)
- Required non Fire-isolated Stair (including external Stairway) may be enclosed with
- 60/60/60 FRL Walls & ceilingNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (a)
- -/60/30 FRL self-closing Fire DoorNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (b)
- Stairs within an SOU or non-required egress path may be enclosed
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (1)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (a)
- Fire-isolated Stair
- Not allowedNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (1)
- Required non Fire-isolated Stair
- 60/60/60 FRLNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D9 (2) (a)
Balustrade
- ≥ 1m height[1]
- Ø 125mm sphere unable to pass between landing or nosing line & bottom rail of barrier[2][3]
- 4m or more fall risk must include a NCZ[4][5]
Balustrade RULES
NCC 2022 V1
All Building Classes
NCC 2022 D3D17 to 21 [2019 D2.16]
May 2023
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D17 (1) (d)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.3 (1) (d)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (4)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D21
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)
- ≥ 1m high
- ≥ 1m or more fall risk requires a balustradeNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D17 (1) (d)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.3 (1) (d)
- Ø 125mm sphere unable to pass between landing or nosing line & bottom rail of barrierNCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (4)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D21
- Wire barriers to be spaced & tensioned to ensure complianceNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)
Non-climbable Zone (NCZ)
NCC 2022 V1
All Building Classes
NCC 2022 D3D20 & HP11.3.4 [2019 D2.16a, 3.9.2.3]
May 2023
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)
- 4m or more fall risk must include an NCZ with no footholds including brackets, hinges, hardwareNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
- 150 to 760mm above finished levelNCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)
Class 7 & 8 Balustrade RULES
NCC 2022 V1
Class 7 & 8
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 [2019 D2.16a]
May 2023
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (3) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (3) (b)
- Ø 300mm sphere unable to pass between any openingNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (3) (a), or
- Rail spacingNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (3) (b)
- ≤ 150mm from Landing or Nosing Line to lower Rail
- ≤ 460mm between upper Rails
Balustrade BEST PRACTICE
NCC 2022 V2
- Any balustrade system to withstand expected loads
- Must be designed and structurally certified
- Dependent on the location and use
- Glazed systems rely on a common rail or specialized laminated glass to prevent fall if a panel fails
- Confirm acceptance of system & selection with owner & certifier
- Where a balustrade meets a window or other uneven element, mullion or transom, openings may become larger than allowed
- Ø 125mm opening compliance may be affected
- Risk for climbing
- Fixed furniture, taps etc. must not be installed near a balustrade
- Wire balustrades
- Avoid as this requires regular maintenance
- Have high certification failure rate & facilitate climbing
Fire-isolated Stair RULES
NCC 2022 V4
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (4)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2) (b)
- Part of an emergency egress path onlyNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (4)
- Ø 125NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2) Sphere Rule applies to allNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)
- External Stairs & Ramps
- Class 9b Early Childhood Centres
- Ø 300mm sphere unable to pass between any openingNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2) (a), or
- Rail spacingNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (2) (b)
- ≤ 150mm from Landing or Nosing Line to lower Rail
- ≤ 460mm between upper Rails
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (4)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D17 (1) (d)
- ≥ 1m heightNCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (8) (a)
- Ø 125mm sphere unable to pass between landing or nosing line & bottom rail of barrierNCC 2022 HP, 11.3.4 (4)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D20 (1)
- 4m or more fall risk must include a NCZNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D19 (1)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D17 (1) (d)
Doors
- Must swing in direction of Egress[1]
- ≤ 500mm encroachment on required width[2]
- ≥ 1.98m unobstructed door height[3]
Door Egress Clearance RULES
NCC 2022 V3
All Building Classes
NCC 2022 D2D7 to 11 [2019 D1.6]
May 2023
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D9 (c)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D9 (e)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8
- ≥ 1.98m heightNCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7
- ≥ Required unobstructed exit width - 250mmNCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D9 (c)
- ≥ 750mmNCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D9 (e) for most Class 2 to 9 where unobstructed exit width ≥ 1mNCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)
- Width increases where the aggregate width of unobstructed exit > 1mNCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8
- No requirements if access is only to a sanitary compartment or bathroom
Door Swing RULES
NCC 2022 V1
Class 2 to 9
NCC 2022 D3D25 [2019 D2.20]
May 2023
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (b)
- In a required exit must not encroachNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (a)
- > 500mm swing path into the required width
- > 100mm when fully open (including handles)
- Must swing in the direction of travel unlessNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (b)
- Serves ≤ 200m² building area & has a Hold Open Device
- Serves a Sanitary Compartment or Airlock
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (a) (i)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (b)
- Must swing in direction of EgressNCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D7
- ≤ 500mm encroachment on required widthNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (a) (i)
- ≥ 1.98m unobstructed door heightNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D25 (1) (b)
Treads & Risers
- 2 to 18 risers in a single flight[1]
- 115 to 190mm Riser[2]
- 250 to 355mm Going (240mm if a private stair)
- ± 5mm per tread & ± 10mm overall Tolerance[3]
- Ø 125mm sphere unable to pass through an open riser[4]
- Opaque Risers mandatory for DDA compliance[5]
Slip RATING
NCC 2022 V3
All Building Classes
NCC 2022 D3D15 & HP11.2.4 [2019 D2.14, 3.9.1.4]
May 2023
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.4
HB 198:2014, 4.3.2 (Table 3A)
HB 198:2014, 5.2 (Table 3B)
- Areas with a risk of slipping due to the surface conditions, to ensure safety and be slip-resistant to the NCCNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D15NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.4
- Slip Resistance for pedestrian surfaces along stairs, see Table belowHB 198:2014, 4.3.2 (Table 3A)HB 198:2014, 5.2 (Table 3B)
Riser & Going RULES
NCC 2022 V5
All Building Classes
NCC 2022 D3D14 [2019 D2.13]
May 2023
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (e)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (f)
- Opaque Risers required in a Continuous Accessible Path of Travel
- Solid treads are required if
- > 10m high stairway
- > 3 storeys connectedNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (e)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D14 (1) (f)
Tread & Riser BEST PRACTICE
NCC 2022 V2
- No single Riser Stairs
- Generally not permitted
- ≤ 1 : 50 gradient to landing
- Step ramp 1 : 10 at ≤ 190mm height preferred
- For stairways adjoining a sloping walkway
- DO NOT allow the last tread to follow the sloping gradient
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (5)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (c) (ii)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (d)
AS 1428.1:2009, 11.1 (c)
- 2 to 18 risers in a single flightNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (5)
- 115 to 190mm RiserNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (a)
- 250 to 355mm Going (240mm if a private stair)
- ± 5mm per tread & ± 10mm overall ToleranceNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (c) (ii)
- Ø 125mm sphere unable to pass through an open riserNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.2 (1) (d)
- Opaque Risers mandatory for DDA complianceAS 1428.1:2009, 11.1 (c)
Tactile Indicators (TGSI)
Tactile Ground Surface Indicators (TGSI)
NCC 2022 V1
Class 2 to 9
NCC 2022 D4D9, S15, & I2D11
[2019 D3.8, D3.6, H2.11]
May 2023
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, Appendix C3
Informative
- Starts 300±10mmAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c) from nosing, &
- Full width of StairAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4
- 600 to 800mm depth if an open Stair, or
- 300 to 400mm depth if an enclosed Stair with Landing is ≤ 3m
- Not required where outer handrail is continuous & Landing is ≤ 3mAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4
- Not required in a fire stairAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, Appendix C3
- Must be within property boundaryInformative
Tactile Indicator OPTIONS
NCC 2022 V1
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)
AS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4
- 300 ± 10mm from nosingAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.3.3 (c)
- 300 to 400mm depthAS/NZS 1428.4.1:2009, 2.4 if
- Landing ≤ 3m, or
- Outer handrail not continuous
Clear Width
Landing CLEARANCES
NCC 2022 V5
Class 2 to 9
NCC 2022 D2D8 & HP11.2.5 [2019 D1.4]
May 2023
EFSG 2.0
EFSG 2.0
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)
- ≥ 1m clearance between handrails (public)EFSG 2.0
- ≥ 500mm clear from a door leaf opening into a fire stairEFSG 2.0
- Mid landing must not be narrower than flightNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (1) (a)
- Larger clear width may be required by NCCNCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)
- ≥ 1m Public StairNCC 2022 Vol 1, D2D8 (1) (a)
- ≥ 600mm non-habitableNCC 2022 HP, 11.2.5 (2)
Handrails
- 865mm to 1m high[1]
- Ø 30 to 50mm[2]
- < 1m high stair not required (private)[3][4]
- Required both sides if width > 2m (public)[5]
Handrail ACCESSIBILITY
NCC 2022 V7
All Building Classes
NCC 2022 D3D22 & HP11.3.5 [2019 D2.17, 3.9.2.4]
May 2023
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (b)
AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (b)
AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (c)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22
- Handrails to be provided in compliance to the NCCNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (b)
- Ø 30 to 50mmAS 1428.1:2009, 12 (b)
- Both sides if width of stair is > 2m (Public)AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (c)
- Any stair in an Accessible Path of Travel or an Accessible Sole Occupancy Unit to have handrails to both sides
- Both handrails continuous around landings except at doors, fire services etc.
- Exposed edges & corners ≥ r 5mmNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22
Handrail GEOMETRY
NCC 2022 V2
- Balustrade height measured from top of a hob, if higher than adjacent floor level
- ≥ 900mm down stair flights &
- ≥ 1.05m at landings & balconies
- Design the Balustrade to be slightly higher than the minimum
- Just 1mm too low can make the rails defective & unsafe
- At a mid-landing with a change of direction
- Locate the the first upward riser 1 going length from the landing
- This allows for improved handrail geometry
Handrail DURABILITY
NCC 2022 V2
- If within 200m from a coastline, select stainless steel or powder-coated aluminium products
- Always use stainless steel fixings, washers, packers, & spacers
- Polished stainless steel finishes will reduce "tea staining"
Handrail PRIVATE STAIR
NCC 2022 V3
Class 1 - 4 & 10 (Private)
NCC 2022 D3D22 & HP11.3.5 [2019 D2.17 & 3.9.2.4]
May 2023
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (6) (b)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5 (2) (a)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (e)
- < 1m high stair does not require a handrailNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (6) (b)NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5 (2) (a)
- Handrail to at least 1 sideNCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5 (1) (a)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (a)
- Handrail continuous if possible, but can stop at newel posts or where barrier terminatesNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (e)
- No requirement to shape but must be able to be gripped
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (2) (b)
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5 (2) (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (6) (b)
AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (b)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (b)
- 865mm to 1m highNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D18 (2) (b)
- Ø 30 to 50mmNCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5 (2) (a)
- < 1m high stair not required (private)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (6) (b)AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (b)
- Required both sides if width > 2m (public)NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (1) (b)
Handrail Termination
- Required in an Accessible Path of Travel or an Accessible Sole Occupancy Unit[1]
Handrail TERMINATION
NCC 2022 V4
Class 2 to 9
NCC 2022 D3D22 & 11.3.5 [2019 D2.17, 3.9.2.4]
May 2023
AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (c)
AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (a)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22
NCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5
AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (g)
- Handrails to be provided in compliance to the NCCAS 1428.1:2009, 12 (c)AS 1428.1:2009, 12 (a)
- ≥ 180° turn at endsNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22, or
- Turn into floor, wall or return to end post
- r ≥ 5mm to any mitred jointsNCC 2022 HP, 11.3.5
- Must not project into an adjacent corridor or beyond a property lineAS 1428.1:2009, 12 (g)
NCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (5)
- Required in an Accessible Path of Travel or an Accessible Sole Occupancy UnitNCC 2022 Vol 1, D3D22 (5)
Redirecting... (5)